Racial Segregation And Racial Discrimination During The...

We as Americans have forgotten where we came from and the fact that we came here to escape religious persecution, escape tyrannical rule, and to find better economic opportunities. Yet, when we have found them, instead of helping one another, we turned against each other. We were all humans until race disconnected us, religion divided us, gender separated us and wealth classifying us. Racial differences in America is more prominent now than ever. In fact, it would seem as if we are repeating history. During the 1960’s, there was the constant fight between police officers and African-Americans. However, now the conflict is not only between African-Americans individually, but communities as well. According to a US News post by Jeff Nesbit, â€Å"study conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago found many Americans still do, in fact, harbor beliefs about racial and ethnic minorities that are based on racist stereotypes.† Henceforth, racial problems in problems in America is yet to be solve and is only increasing resulting in continuous police brutality and lack of trust between Law Enforcement Officers and citizens. For example, the cases of Eric Garner and Trayvon Martin only further justifies the African American communities’ perspective of the police because of their actions. It is more than just a simple ra cial tension, but a tension that has disconnected and divided us as a united nation. In fact, research has shown that, â€Å"more than halfShow MoreRelatedTriumph Of The Right : George Wallace, Richard Nixon, And The American Revolution1459 Words   |  6 PagesMany critics classify the 1960’s as the decade of urban uprising and political shifts in the United States. Controversy surrounded these changes whether they were good or bad for the nation and leaving many Americans questioning the power of urban and political movements. In the excerpt â€Å"Triumph of the Left: Sixties Revolution and The Revolution in Manners† Kenneth Cmiel from the University of Iowa shows how the era of the sixties altered and affected the morals of many Americans when they encounteredRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement in the 1960’s Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans have been struggling for equality for many decades. It only seems that during the 1960?s is when there were actual significant advances made. This was about the same time that civil rights came into the political scene. Throughout the South, Blacks were still in the majority, but had no political power what so ever. The Civil Rights Movement gave African Americans a voice and a chance to make a difference. The 1960s helped open up hope and expectations for Black Americans. One of the mostRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The Movement Of The 1960s1310 Words   |  6 Pagesbut it raised in the 1950s and 1960s. African American people, with accompany of particular numbers of whites, planned and led the  movement at national and local levels. They followed their aims through legitimate means, discussions, petitions, and manipulate demonstrations which were free of violence. The  civil  rights  movement  had the most widespread reputation among all social  movement  of the 20th century in the United States. It had huge impact on the modern  women s  rights  movement  and the  student  movement  ofRead MoreOrigin of the Civil Rights Movement1157 Words   |  5 Pagesreached its peak in 1950s and 1960s. At both local and national levels movements are led by both African Americans and the whites. These people raised their appeals without any violence but with negotiations and legal means. The student movement of 1960s and the modern women rights movement was greatly influenced by the 20th centurys largest social movement (Civic Voices, 2013). The centre of the civil right movement was South America where racial discrimination was there, while education, economicRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Fences By August Wilson853 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1950’s there was a major problem of racial discrimination making it impossible for people of color to do what they wanted to do. In the play Fences by August Wilson he brings in Troy Marxson, who is the main character of the play dealing with racial discrimination. Troy Marxson is a man with strange views of the world and who has a life that can be described as frustrating. Troy’s frustration is caused by his dream of becoming a major league baseball player being ruined by racist tyranny.Read MoreRacism : A Racially Segregated Chicago1550 Words   |  7 PagesHowever, between April 1919 and October 1919, race riots spanned the nation; this became known as the Red Summer. On July 27, 1919, Chicagoans started to express their emotions on racial issues, which turned i nto violence, lasting several days and resulting in the deaths, injuries, and displacement of hundreds of people. During this time, Chicagoans opinions regarding racism led to extreme chaos, leaving African Americans and whites fighting with each other for wealth and opportunities. The relatively-invisibleRead MoreSegregation vs. Integration1387 Words   |  6 PagesSegregation vs. Integration One of the most significant issues which the United States has dealt with for decades is the issue of racial segregation. In a post-Civil Rights era, there is a common tendency to assume that racism is no longer a pressing social concern in America due to the gradual erosion of whiteness. During the late 1800s and much of the 1900s, segregation had been a controversial and divisive issue throughout the country. This issue stemmed from the separation of African AmericansRead MoreThroughout history, racial profiling has become a prevalent issue within humanity. From slavery,1400 Words   |  6 Pages Throughout history, racial profiling has become a prevalent issue within humanity. From slavery, segregation, and to world wars, furthermore ongoing issues of terrorism, these examples have led to the profound effects of racial profiling. Racial Profiling can be defined as the action of law enforcers and society, which specifically targets people based on race, ethnicity, religion or nat ional origin and not by actual behavior. Although, many people may believe that racial profiling is non-existentRead MoreHousing Segregation and Minority Groups in the United States840 Words   |  4 PagesHousing segregation is as the taken for granted to any feature of urban life in the United States (Squires, Friedman, Siadat, 2001). It is the application of denying minority groups, especially African Americans, equal access to housing through misinterpretation, which denies people of color finance services and opportunities to afford decent housing. Caucasians usually live in areas that are mostly white communities. However, African Americans are most likely lives in areas that are raciallyRead MoreThe Long Journey Of African Americans1176 Words   |  5 Pagesfor racial justice which should have been one of the major priorities because there was a lot of injustice that was being done to the black Americans. The politicians started to undermine the civil rights of the black s. This is the duration in which racial discrimination was formalized in a number of laws that permitted the segregation and discrimination of the black people. The Supreme Court condoned segregation by respecting the doctrine of separate but equal. In addition to the segregation that

The Game Of Basketball Dr. James Naismith Essay

Dr. James Naismith invented the game of basketball in 1891. Women’s basketball began in the winter of 1892 at Smith College when a physical education teacher began teaching young women the game of basketball. However, women’s college basketball has come a long way since then. I will explain how the game of basketball is played and the life of a women’s college basketball player at the University of Wisconsin- River Falls. First I will talk about the material aspects of the game, who participates and some general information. Basketball is played in a gym; the basketball court is rectangular with a basketball hoop on each end of the court. The official measurements of a women’s college basketball court are 94 feet long and 50 feet wide. The distance from the ground to the rim is 10 feet. The basketball rim is 18 inches in diameter, the backboard is 6 feet wide and 42 inches tall. The foul line is 15 feet from the front of the backboard and the 3-point line is 20 feet and 9 inches away from the basketball hoop. The basketball itself is 28.5 inches in circumference. A basketball team consists of normally 12-18 players who are freshmen-seniors and then you have your coaching staff. Normally you have a head coach, assistant coach, student coach and some other people who help out. A head coach is the highest ranking coach out of all the coaches, they also get paid the most and have the overall decisi on. The assistant coaches help the head coach, they normally do more of theShow MoreRelatedJames Naismith And The Creation Of Basketball1093 Words   |  5 PagesThomas Turner Business English 9 October 2017 James Naismith and the Creation of Basketball In 1891, Dr. James Naismith was teaching at a local YMCA when he came up with a game that could be played inside during the Winter (Laughead). The game that Naismith created would later be known worldwide as â€Å"basketball.† This game has greatly influenced the sports industry with fans, players, and professional teams all over the world. Basketball took a long time to develop into what it is todayRead MoreEssay on Beginning Of Basketball1177 Words   |  5 PagesThe Beginning of Basketball Have you ever had an interest in how something was invented? An interest in how your favorite activity or hobby came about? Ever since I was introduced to sports and how competitive it was, I became hooked. I enjoy playing football, basketball, and baseball. Of the three main sports that I play, basketball seems to be my favorite. It challenges endurance, speed, accuracy, agility, and strength. I feel guilty not knowing who created the game that takes up most of my free-timeRead MoreJames Naismith The Man Who Created Basketball853 Words   |  4 PagesJames Naismith the man who created basketball. As he watches his sport expand throughout the world. Then before he knows it he is coaching it. When he invented the gym he was offered the job to coach it at Kansas college. He only had 13 rules for the sport which you think is not very many, but those were the first 13 rules in basketball. As the game got more advanced he had to make more, and more rules for the game. Once the game was played everywhere it was held in the 1936 Olympics and he was theRead MoreEssay about The Origin of the Game of Basketball1391 Words   |  6 Pagescalls a time out. Down by 2, the team has a chance to win the game. The whistle blows and the clock winds down, 5...The ball is passed in†¦4†¦the point guard dribbles around the key†¦3†¦the ball is passed to the shooting guard†¦2†¦the shooting guard passes it back to the point guard†¦1†¦the point guard shoots from behind the 3-point line†¦0. Countless fans across the globe may get thrills while watching an intense minor or professional basketball game, although, few actually know where or how this widely popularRead MoreBasketball Is The Most Popular And Beloved Sports Essay1105 Words   |  5 PagesBasketball is one of the most popular and beloved sports that is played today. Michael Jordan who played for the Washington Wizards and the Chicago Bulls once said, â€Å"Just play, have fun, an d enjoy the game.† (cite here) Whether playing with friends for fun or by professionals for entertainment or simply watching from home, basketball is a sport that is enjoyed all over the world. Beginning with an unique history, basketball has evolved over time from a simple idea into a professional career choiceRead MoreHow Basketball Has Changed The World1570 Words   |  7 Pages The History of Basketball Have you ever wondered how basketball was created? Have you ever questioned how basketball has evolved into becoming one of the most popular sports in the world? Basketball evolved from a simple sport played in one gym to now being more complex and played in gyms all over the world. It was Dr. James Naismith who first created the basics of basketball. When he first made the game, no one could have imagined the games success and spread throughout the entire world. Read MoreThe History and Development of Basketball Essay1047 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever speculated who created basketball? Maybe even if different cultures played it and how they did? What the original rules were? How it has been altered since it was first invented? All of these answers can be found in this paper. Did you know that our ancestors played a game sort of like basketball before it was even invented? Centuries ago in Mexico, people played games where they used a ball and hoop. They would take turns trying to toss the ball into the basket and keep trackRead MoreHistory of Basketball Essay1302 Words   |  6 Pages The game of basketball is recognizable high school or the NBA. The sport is very popular and is played worldwide. Everyone may also know the sport from some names of basketball stars. Maybe the names Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, Dr. J, Lebron James, Kobe Bryant, or Carmelo Anthony ring a bell. They are all outstanding players of the game and have a significant understanding of how the game is played. Basketball has changed alot overtime and has become one of Americas most played sports. ItRead MoreSports And Game : The Game Of Basketball1495 Words   |  6 Pages The Game of Basketball Since the beginning of time, sports and game has played a big role in human interaction. Humans and even animals have always had the desire to compete against one another to prove show dominance. Through ought history, the world has witnessed simple leisure activities evolve into world renowned competition for years to come. From Ancient Roman Gladiators to the Olympic Games, from hunting to modern day technology competition, the history of sports is very diverse. PeopleRead MoreBasketball Is A Popular And Beloved Sport Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesBasketball is a very popular and beloved sport that is still being played today. Michael Jordan, who played for the Washington Wizards and the Chicago Bulls once said, â€Å"Just play, have fun, and enjoy the game† (BrainyQuote 2016). Whether playing with friends for fun or by professionals for entertainment or simply watching from home, basketball is enjoyed all over the world. Beginning with a unique history, basketball has ev olved over time from a simple idea into a professional career choice for those

Doppler Effect free essay sample

Doppler Effect BY dallas529 The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842, is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the ecession. If the source moving away from the observer is emitting waves through a medium with an actual frequency fO, then an observer stationary relative to the medium detects waves with a frequency f given by where vs is positive if the source is moving away from the observer, and negative if the source is moving towards the observer. A similar analysis for a moving observer and a stationary source yields the observed frequency (the receivers velocity being represented asvr): here the similar convention applies: vr is positive if the observer is moving towards the source, and negative if the observer is moving away from the source. We will write a custom essay sample on Doppler Effect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These can be generalized into a single equation with both the source and receiver moving. With a relatively slow moving source, vs,r is small in comparison to v and the equation approximates to where . However the limitations mentioned above still apply. When the more complicated exact equation is derived without using any approximations Oust assuming that ource, receiver, and wave or signal are moving linearly relatively to each other) several interesting and perhaps surprising results are found. For example, as Lord Rayleigh noted in his classic book on sound, by properly moving it would be possible to hear a symphony being played backwards. This is the so-called time reversal effect of the Doppler effect. Other interesting conclusions are that the Doppler effect is time-dependent in general (thus we need to know not only the source and eceivers velocities, but also their positions at a given time), and in some circumstances it is possible to receive two signals or waves from a source, or no signal at all. In addition there are more possibilities than Just the receiver approaching the signal and the receiver receding from the signal. All these additional complications are derived for the classical, i. e. , non-relativistic, Doppler effect, but hold for the relativistic Doppler effect as well as.

Requesting a Writ of Mandamus Essay Sample free essay sample

I. Why do we desire a Writ of Mandamus?In general. a writ of mandamus can be described as an order. â€Å"commanding the public presentation of an act that the jurisprudence requires as a clearly defined responsibility. originating from an office. trust. or station. † 55 C. J. S. Mandamus  § 1. Furthermore. a writ of mandamus may be issued to command a nongovernmental organic structure. such as a medical licensing board. to execute a specified responsibility imposed by jurisprudence. and can besides be invoked to command crying maltreatments of discretion. Id. For illustration. in some cases. upon judicial reappraisal. if a tribunal is satisfied that the applier is entitled to a licence. it may order the licence issued notwithstanding the boards denial of the licence. 70 C. J. S. Physicians and Surgeons  § 38. In New Jersey. â€Å"Prior to the acceptance of the 1947 Constitution. ‘persons aggrieved by action or inactivity of †¦ administrative bureaus could seek judicial alleviation by using for one of the prerogative writs – certiorari. We will write a custom essay sample on Requesting a Writ of Mandamus Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page mandamus. quo warranto and prohibition. † Jeffery S. Mandel. New Jersey Appellate Practice 141 ( GANN. 2008 ) . However. such writs were abolished by the 1947 Constitution in an effort to simplify the process with respect to prerogative writs. Id. at 142. At that clip. prerogative writs were superseded and consolidated into one action. now called actions â€Å"in stead of prerogative writs. † Id. ; 19 N. J. Prac. . Skills And Methods  § 4:1.  § 4:2 ( Rev. 3d erectile dysfunction. ) . State boards of medical testers. besides known as medical licensing boards. are province bureaus subject to province administrative processs. 61 Am. Jur. 2d License to Practice  § 17. Therefore. the Acts of the Apostless and determinations of these boards are governed by province administrative process Acts of the Apostless. which normally provide for judicial reappraisal. Id.  § 62.  § 103. Mandamus. in general. is a proper redress to reexamine Acts of the Apostless and determinations of an administrative bureau. and more specifically. to oblige action by a licensing board with regard to the issu e of professional licences. 52 Am. Jur. 2d Mandamus  § 203 ; see besides 55 C. J. S. Mandamus  § 144.  § 156.  § 239. II. What does one demand to demo in order to acquire it? In New Jersey. when a party seeks judicial reappraisal of an action or in action of a province bureau. the tribunal considers multiple extra factors in finding whether or non to allow reappraisal. 37 N. J. Prac. . Administrative Law And Practice  § 7. 2 ( 2d ed. ) . These factors include: â€Å" [ 1 ] whether the agency’s action is reviewable under the applicable jurisprudence ; [ 2 ] whether the suppliants or plaintiff in errors have sufficient standing to raise their challenges ; [ 3 ] whether they have selected the proper respondents ; [ 4 ] whether primary legal power precludes review ; [ 5 ] whether the exhaustion of administrative redresss philosophy has been dependably observed ; [ 6 ] whether the challenged action is mature for reappraisal ; and eventually [ 7 ] whether the proper forum or reappraisal signifier has been selected. † Id. New Jersey’s Administrative Procedure Act does non supply for judicial reappraisal. but alternatively New Jerseyâ€℠¢s fundamental law allocates relief from bureau actions to the Superior Court under the regulations of the Supreme Court. which provides for judicial reappraisal of all concluding determinations of province and local administrative bureaus. Id.  § 7. 3. However. there is a general regulation that a mandamus action is the proper redress merely where the act or responsibility of the province bureau is strictly ministerial. and is improper where the action of a province board is discretional. 55 C. J. S. Mandamus  § 72. As will be discussed in more item below. the granting or denial of a medical licence is non a ministerial map. but instead a extremely discretional undertaking. 70 C. J. S. Physicians and Surgeons  § 14. However. there is an exclusion to this regulation when there is an maltreatment of discretion by the board in inquiry. 55 C. J. S. Mandamus  § 73. Even though. the issue of a medical licence is a affair of discretion. â€Å"mandamus may publish where the act of the officer or board vested with discretion is freakish. arbitrary. or unreasonable or an maltreatment of discretion. Id. â€Å"Abuse of discretion occurs where a public officer exercises discretion based on personal. selfish. or deceitful motivations. † Id. The board or other organic structure must handle all appliers for licences reasonably. and. after an applier has qualified and has passed the prescribed scrutiny. he or she can non. in the absence of an inauspicious screening. be deprived of a licence or certification. 70 C. J. S. Physicians and Surgeons  § 32. It is likely that the claim of the new M. D. in inquiry. that she is clearly qualified. but wasn’t granted her medical licence due to several members of the Board being personal enemies with her male parent. is the type of â€Å"personal. selfish. or fraudulent† behaviour that qualifies as an maltreatment of discretion under the exclusion. Therefore. this first component is likely satisfied. III. Which division of the New Jersey Superior Court is the most appropriate forum? As mentioned above. the last component a tribunal considers when finding whether to allow reappraisal is whether the proper forum has been selected. Rule 2:2-3 ( a ) was promulgated by the Supreme Court pursuant to its constitutional grant of authorization to apportion the â€Å"in lieu† legal power among and between the divisions of the Superior Court by regulation: ‘every proceeding to reexamine the action or inactivity of a local administrative bureau would be by ailment in the Law Division †¦ and that every proceeding to reexamine the action or inactivity of a province administrative bureau would be by entreaty to the Appellate Division. † 19 NJPRAC  § 4:15 ; Jeffery S. Mandel. New Jersey Appellate Practice 66. 142 ( GANN. 2008 ) . â€Å"Thus. it has been held that when a province administrative bureau has allegedly failed to execute maps that it is required by legislative act to execute. the proper method of challenge is by resort to the Appellate Divi sion. non for any determination on the virtues. but by manner of continuing in nature of mandamus to oblige action by the bureau. † 40 N. J. Prac. . Appellate Practice and Procedure  § 3. 21 ( 2d ed. ) Therefore. the most appropriate forum to register this suit is the Appellate Division of the Superior Court. IV. Why is this choice of tribunal the most appropriate?The aforesaid regulations clearly province that judicial reappraisal of a province bureau should be taken to the Appellate Division of the Superior Court. Under the definitional subdivision of the Administrative Procedures Act. N. J. S. 52:14B-2. the New Jersey State Board of Medical Examiners qualifies as a province board for the intents of this action. The Act provides: â€Å" ( a ) ‘State agency’ or ‘agency’ shall include each of the chief sections in the executive subdivision of the State Government. and all boards. divisions. committees. bureaus. sections. councils. governments. offices or officers within any such sections now bing or afterlife established and authorized by statue to do. follow or proclaim regulations or adjudicate contested instances. † Jeffery S. Mandel. New Jersey Appellate Practice 146 ( GANN. 2008 ) . Furthermore. judicial reappraisal pursuant to Govern 2:2-3 ( a ) is the sole method of disputing action or non-ministerial inactivity by a province bureau. 19 NJPRAC  § 4:15. Like antecedently mentioned. the granting or denial of a medical licence is non a ministerial map. but instead a extremely discretional undertaking. 70 C. J. S. Physicians and Surgeons  § 14. A province board may be granted wide powers with regard to licences to pattern medical specialty and may exert a certain step of judgement and discretion in allowing or declining these licences. Id.  §30.  § 32. â€Å"Because of the exclusivity of the redress pursuant to Govern 2:2-3 ( a ) . the declarative judgement action technique is neither available nor appropriate. † 19 NJPRAC  § 4:15.

Red Badge Of Courage Essays (390 words) - The Red Badge Of Courage

Red Badge of Courage Physical and emotional pain is what the tattered solider illustrates in the book. The tattered solider pain comes from all of the horrible things associated with war. Him going crazy brings emotional pain and the physical pain is brought on by the endurances of war. "There was a tattered man, fouled with dust, blood and powder stain from hair to shoes, who trudged quietly at the youths side". The tattered solider also characterizes the toughness people can endear. Even through the harshness of war people will find something inside of them, overcome it and not let it bother them. The tattered solider goes out and lives through the tough endurance's of war but he finds something inside of him to live through it. The perfect solider is what Jim Conklin brings to the book. Jim never complains about war and fights as good as the next man. Many of the people look up to Jim because he is so strong willed. The regiments almost look up to Jim in a spiritual way finding peace inside of them when they think of him. It is a tragedy when Jim dies because of all of the moral inspiration he gave the regiment. True to his character Jim dies a quiet and peaceful death not distributing any of the regiment. Wilson represents the two sides of human nature. In the beginning of the book Wilson is a mean tough guy that no one liked. This outward act of being tuff is just a cover of the true nature of Wilson. It is natural for people to cover their true nature in front of new faces. Towards the end of the book Wilson starts to care about Henry. hen Henry is injured and he doesn't try and fight the other men anymore. True to human nature once times start getting more difficult and Wilson becomes more comfortable with his surroundings he transcends into the calm compassionate person he really is. All of the characters in the Red Badge of Courage represent some aspect of man either physically or emotionally. This connection between the characters and the reader make the book true to life and more believable. Since the characters feel so real, physically and emotionally, the reader has an easier time relating to them.

Jews and the State essays

Jews and the State essays Since the birth of Christ, the relationship among Jews and Christians and the state has radically shifted from one end of the spectrum to the other. Since its inception, Christianity had been the religion coping with intolerance from the Jews and the state, yet as time progressed the attitude toward Jewry turned for the worse. As more Christian rulers came into power, laws and regulations turned against those Jews who had once turned against those supporting Christ. Not until after the medieval ages did the states position on Jews begin to loosen up again. This is not to say that time would heal all problems. In truth, time simply brought a change. Social and economic structure developed over the centuries, and some restrictions on Jews were abandoned while still others were just being formed. Treatment of the Jews varied greatly from region to region. The Age of Enlightenment would bring changes that would finally have a long-standing impact on the Jewish community. The Middle Ages began poorly for the Jews of Europe. In the early fourth century, it was inconceivable to separate church and state. In fact, religion played an important role in the government until well after the Reformation. Constantine, the first Roman Emperor to limit the rights of the Jews in the Holy Roman Empire, disallowed any Jews from becoming missionaries for their faith or displaying any form of anger against Christians (Marcus 3). Twenty years later, Constantius forbade marriage between Jewish men and Christian women, and that law was later expanded to deny all marriages between Christians and Jews. In addition, Jews were no longer allowed to possess slaves. In 439, Theodosius II allowed only Christians to hold any public office that would give honor (4). Theodosius did, however, allow Jews to hold offices that were known to lead to financial decline. In addition, as an attempt to prevent Christians from converting to Judaism, Theo...

Economy of United Kingdom Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economy of United Kingdom - Case Study Example Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. GDP growth slipped in 2001-03 as the global downturn, the high value of the pound, and the bursting of the "new economy" bubble hurt manufacturing and exports. Output recovered in 2004, to 3.2% growth, then slowed to 1.7% in 2005 and 2.7% in 2006. " (Exxun.com, 2007) The Economy of the United Kingdom can be classified as the "capitalist" economy. The most prominent characteristic of the capitalist economy is the control of few people on a large amount of Capital. These people are also responsible for taking important economic decisions. With the changing international circumstances the Governments of the world including United Kingdom felt the need of restricting the use of power of a specific group of people for their own commercial interests. This intervention resulted in shape of the British economy which can described as a "mixed" economy, with government playing an important role along with private enterprise. Although British people often disagree about exactly where to draw the line between their beliefs regarding, both free enterprise and government management, the mixed economy they have developed has been remarkably successful. The natural resources are considered as the most important ingredient of a nation's economic system. The United Kingdom is blessed with enormous reserves of minerals. The fertile soil and the moderate climatic conditions effectively eke the farming process.The labour plays vital role in the growth of an economy. Higher level of working population is considered as an important indicator of a progressive economy. The labour market of the U.K has always remained competitive due to an abundant supply of productive labour. A unique characteristic of the labour force is diversity. The 20th century British labour force constituted Asians and Latin Americans as the major part. This supply of the immigrants in the British job market also resulted in some periods of high unemployment. Many of these immigrants provide their services on relatively lower wages as compare to the native citizens. With the abundant supply of labour and the factors of production the economic growth multiplied increasing the chances for immigrants to find more job opportunities (Conte & Karr, 2001). British economy was facing boom before being hit by the events of 9/11. The economy had fastest growth rate and the lowest unemployment rate which was kept low for thirty years to a level of 3.8% in 2001 but after 9/11 the unemployment rate rose to 6.4% in 2003 more than a million jobs were loss lost during that period. The Government has applied different policies in order to address the issues facing the economy. Govt. has been trying to stable the economy by using cutting of taxes and lowering the interest rates, but these options are for short-term period. There are also some long-term issues to be reviewed. The U.K. economy has benefited from privatisation of industry, free market policies and the development of its oil and gas sector, the largest in the EU. (The Galt Global Review, 2007) Speeding the recovery: For the policy makers the main issue was to accelerate the

The History of Incarceration in the United States. The Use of Private Essay

The History of Incarceration in the United States. The Use of Private Prisons to Incarcerate Prison Inmates - Essay Example Since this was the time of the plantation era of our society, it was deemed wise to make use of the prisoners as manual laborers in the factories and plantations. Originated in Auburn, New York, the Congregate System prisoners were expected to live their incarcerated lives dedicated to penance and contemplation since society placed a high value on religious beliefs being the basis for forgiveness of sins. Due to the failure of the Congregate System in terms of helping incarcerated men and women reform and help them lead better lives after leaving prison, the Congregate system had to give way to a new method of incarceration known as the Reformatory Prison (Johnson, Dobrankza & Palla, 2005). This type of incarceration was used to help produce truly reformed citizens who would become part of the socially acceptable era of disciplined gentlemen and ladies. The men were made to participate in military drills in case they were needed to help fight wars, and women were taught the norms of housekeeping and social decorum. (p.6) Both were expected to become productive parts of the new society once they were released back into the general population of the time. However, both the Congregate and Reformatory systems proved to be ill effective in their incarceration methods. Neither method actually provided truly reformed inmates who could be released into mainstream society and be expected to be of any beneficial use to the public. Instead, they always fell back on their old ways and ended up incarcerated yet again. Such dismal failures were the Congregate System and Reformatory Systems that both methods were discontinued and a new type of incarceration was introduced. This became known as the era of the â€Å"Big House†. This was the era of remarkable economic and social growth for the United States thanks to the advent of the rail road. The prisoners, worked as part of â€Å"Chain Gangs† and participated in most of the construction work that the government was undertaking at the time. Remember, this was in the 1930's so our society was beginning to come into its own as part of a highly progressive and modernizing nation. Since our society had a need for male professionals in the workplace and the women were the epitome of housekeeping success, it made sense to use prisoners for the menial and hard labor jobs whenever possible. The Big House can be considered to be the first successful incarceration system in the United States that employed Corporal Punishment to any prisoner who refused to reform. Although considered to be a drastic punishment, the Corporal punishment worked wonders on the prisoners who were successfully reformed. However, even with those punishments in place, the Big House was still a more humane and effective method when it came to helping reform the incarcerated. This is attributed to the fact that the incarcerated Big House members were given a sense of freedom while in the prison and submitting to the will of the prison administrators. Thus a llowing the incarcerated who truly wanted to reform a chance to mend their ways by proving their worth to society in their government assigned places of work like the â€Å"Chain Gangs† of the railroad tracks. (p.9). The early era incarceration system placed too much value on the norms of the outside world for it to be truly effective in reforming the prisoners. They neglected to recognize that while the person is in prison, he would be moving in a different kind of society. One that would dictate whether he survived to see his

The issues facing duplicity in human nature in The Strange Case of Dr Essay

The issues facing duplicity in human nature in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson - Essay Example â€Å"Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde perfectly captured some readers’ fears that their carefully built society was hypocritical.†4 Although the idea of man’s double nature—the good and the bad—has been a topic of countless discussions and debates for centuries, Stevenson presented it most vividly in a way that only fiction can.5 It can be said that it is even an allegory6 of a philosophical sense, illustrating what Stevenson might deem as the true nature of man. Some perceive it to be the epitome of Sigmund Freud’s concept of the subconscious—with Mr. Hyde being Dr. Jekyll’s â€Å"subconscious desire to be freed from his society’s restrictions.†7 While others view the novel as one of the first illustrations of the psychological illness that is termed split personality disorder, with the term alter ego (Mr, Hyde) popularized by Freud. Whatever the case, it cannot be denied that The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde sh ows, both then and now, the unquestionable duplicity of the nature of man manifested in the two sides of good and evil. For â€Å"the opposites embodied in the Jekyll/Hyde binary conform to late-Victorian ideas about the brain as a double organ,8† as it is still considered up to now. In this dark novel, Robert Louis Stevenson reveals the issues dealing with the duplicity of human nature. Through his mastery of syntax, constant change in point of view throughout the story, complex use of symbolism, supernatural writing style, and his usage of fear in the unknown, Stevenson shows what can happen if you let the evil inside take over. His example of this is the life of Dr. Henry Jekyll and his alter ego, Mr. Edward Hyde. This paper will discuss the aforementioned elements of the novel as it discusses the characteristic duplicity found in human nature. To further illustrate how Stevenson depicted the issues that come with the inherent characteristic of man’s duplicity, it is best to give a brief synopsis

Effects of Ethics on Production of Knowledge

Effects of Ethics on Production of Knowledge Aakashdeep Dhillon Ethical Judgement limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. Discuss. Ethics is a moral principle of an influencing conduct. It is a branch of knowledge that is  similar to moral principles. However, it is not the same as morals, rather is the study of morals. A  right or wrong is just an opinion, and most people have their own opinion what may be right or  wrong. However in ethics, nobodys views are any better or more right than someone else’s. A  person’s ethical views is based upon their society, and cultural they were raised in. What one  person in one society may consider as ethical, may not be considered ethical in another society. Without making a generalization in that sense, it makes it hard to produce knowledge, in the given  areas of knowledge. Personally moving from India to Canada in 2006, was a huge change as I had  switched from Eastern culture to the Western culture and in many ways, I had to change myself to  be ethically correct to be ethically correct here. Hence, the statement in the title does withhold this  fact of, ethical judgements do limit the methods available in the production of knowledge.   Judgement always play a vital role in critical moments, and to obtain the accuracy and  precision of a good judgement, the person must be in a good state, mentally and physically. Any  actions or decisions an artist makes about his piece of work, the artist needs to take into account the  moral responsibility, especially during the times that we are living in. The artists hold the  responsibility ethically, what is right and what is wrong. There may not be a specific law saying  something is wrong, but society may very well a negative reaction which may spiral into  something uncontrollable that may as well start a movement or a new era. This means the artist is  morally responsible for their work when working on their piece, which ultimately limits the method  for producing knowledge. On a personal level, I think an artist must have freedom to do what they want in their work  as it shows their perspective and possibly many others in the society around us inevitably giving us  more knowledge. However, a society as a whole, especially when in large numbers in a specific  area together have different opinions on the piece which they do not agree with and act negatively  towards this. Hence, there is a fine line from what is morally right in society and the artist should  know whether to cross that line or not, especially if the artists job is to please his audience. However, the â€Å"line† that we draw between the ethically correct and the ethically wrong is almost  impossible to make out where it is because it all depends on the subjective standards of society. What is ethical and what is not vary as explained before, different cultures and societies view  things in different perspectives. For example, when I moved from India to Canada, in middle  school my classmates and I had to get into pairs and make a powerpoint about an artist that was  assigned to us. During the presentations I saw a presentation about Michelangelo, and many of his  artwork and sculptures were of nude people. The teacher and the class watched the presentation  and seemed like they had no problems with it. I felt uncomfortable watching it and so I didn’t look  at it. Later, talking to the teacher, she explained it was simply an assignment and it had no other purpose. This opened my eyes to the culture and society here to the society in India when I was  there. A lot of his work would not be accepted in the Indian society and looked down upon as it is  disgracing the human body. Nude art evokes a sense of sexuality and the topic is very intimate and  of something that should be kept on a personal level that’s why it is frowned upon and something  that made me uncomfortable and forced me to react in such a manner. However, I grew  accustomed to it and learnt to deal with such things that I am not used to. I believe an artist uses  their pieces of art to express their feelings about things they feel are important in society or not, and  also art a lot of the times is also used to criticize and mock different areas in society specifically  things like politics or culture. This is where I believe the artists should have a higher ethical  responsibility for their work and think of what they are doing and what may happen. Ultimately,  which leads me to believe that because of ethical judgements the methods to produce knowledge  really are limited in the arts. In the area of knowledge of science, my point of view is the opposite of the arts. In science  I believe any actions the scientists take for their research should not have to worry about the moral  responsibilities. The job of a scientist is to provide the world with research and answers to  questions which is backed by sufficient facts. A job of scientist is to figure out the different things  in the world and how they are made, and what they are made of. Scientists provide us with  information that is beyond our natural understanding. They conduct experiments and write  researches for the world to understand how the world works and I believe ethical beliefs should not  limit them to provide us with information. I believe that every human being must be provided with the truth about their surroundings. If science, did not challenge the ethical boundaries set we may  not have known that the earth was round, or that the existence of god may be a myth. I believe if  sc ience does not question everything without the ethical boundaries many things that happen in the  world go unresolved or unanswered. However, my opinions are different from what the society  may believe in. For scientists, the study of earth and its surroundings isn’t the only they focus on, if you go  into depth scientists branch off into different fields and study other things, such as diseases present  in the world. Scientists must do experiments and write researches for medicines that work and not  work and which may cause harm to humans. Therefore, they conducts experiments on animal  subjects and sometimes even human subjects, to test if something may cause harm or trigger a  reaction. Many people in different societies believe every living thing has a right to live and testing  dangerous products on them and killing them in the process for anothers good is ethically incorrect. Personally, I volunteer at the hospital and on a tour for the hospital and all the different sections in  the hospital. During a tour, they also dissected a human being to show the inside of the human for  knowledge. Hence, the same thing happens in the medical school as they work with real subjects. I  believe it is vital to experiment and conduct tests to come up with a definite remedy if we want to  get to the root of the problems, hence, the scientists should be held morally responsible for the  application of discoveries. Moreover, I believe the ethical responsibility working with the human  subjects is the same as it is with the animal subjects. I believe it is important for the greater good of  society some must be used as experiments whether they are humans or animals. However, a good  majority of the society believes otherwise and believe that everyone is equal and deserves to live as  much as anybody else/ any other living thing. Hence, this holds the scie ntists morally responsible  for the application of their discovery and again the ethical responsibility stays the same when  working with human or animal subjects. This ultimately proves the statement, as it limits the  methods available to produce knowledge in the given field. Consequently, personally I believe that ethical judgements do limit the methods available in  the production of knowledge. However, I believe it should not limit in the natural sciences as many  discoveries will go unresolved if they have not yet been discovered or proven thus far. I believe  comparing the two different area of knowledge, science provides us with some of the greatest  discoveries known to man and it has changed mankind and moved us forward over the years. Whereas in arts, the knowledge obtained is more on a personal level that makes us think about  ourselves only and what we think about certain things, which I believe should be considered as  high as the other, therefore, giving two different answers for the different areas of knowledge. However, many people do think otherwise and because everyone must be taken into account  which ultimately limit the ways of knowing. Word Count: 1461 Bibliography Areas of Knowledge. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. Dullwitch Home. Dullwitch Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014. May 2014 TOK Essay Titles. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Jan. 2014. Ways of Knowing. Theoryofknowledgenet. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014.

Plato, Love and Philosophy Essay

Love, in its narrowest and widest meaning and discussion became the most central element of one of the most discussed and merited dialogue of Plato, the Symposium. In the said dialogue, the characters including Phaedrus, Aristhopanes, Agathon, Eryximachus, Alicibiades and Aristodemus together with Socrates had expressed their judgment, analysis and opinions on the nature of love. As the usual trend on all Plato’s dialogue, the earlier speakers had expressed their own speech about the subject (i. e. Love or the nature of love). Later on, they shall be examined by Socrates himself using his own method (i. e. Socratic Dialectic) which will later debunk or prove the inconsistency of their arguments. This classic flow of the dialogue is seen in the Symposium as the last speech delivered by Socrates had proved that the earlier speeches of the said guests were proved inconclusive, untrue or ill-founded. If we can name one single thing that the Symposium had taught us, it is our redefinition and reconsideration on how we understand love and its nature. As said, earlier, Plato, through Socrates had managed to widen our conception of love from a simple romantic affair to one of the most celebrated activity of humanity. In short, the Symposium had provided us a better and more definite understanding of love and its nature. In this paper, we are going to state the significance of these ideas provided by Plato through Socrates and shall later relate its importance to other fields of knowledge that are significant in the Greek community. Prior to the reading and understanding Symposium, there is a great chance that a common man will see love as a mere affair between a man and a woman. Love can be regarded as the mere bond between lovers or couples. However, with the help of the speech of the said speakers such as Agathon, Aristopahnes, Alicibiades etc. , our perspective on how we see love had widen. It almost seems with our two eyes alone, we are not able to see the real nature of the world around us. However, as we read the insights, theories and opinions of these speakers, it now seems that a new order was introduced to us. Rather than seeing love as a mere affair between two lovers and couple, love become a renewed entity that is or is becoming the central element wherein almost all things revolves. How is this possible? How does a very common element or topic such as love managed to renew its definition from a mere humanly affair toward a divine concept. Well, Socrates is the one we must consult. According to Socrates (through Diotima), love is neither a god nor mortal. Arguing so, will backfire against the love’s inclination towards happiness and beauty. As argued, love is a spirit who bridges the gap between the realm of the gods and realm of the humans. This can be seen on how humans communicate to gods and how gods communicate to human. As a spirit, love is the messenger between the two. As stated, â€Å"Gods do not mix with men; they mingle and converse with us through spirits [love] instead, whether we are awake or asleep. † (Plato 203a) Prayers and rituals are made possible through the love of the humans on gods. Blessings and gifts are made possible through the love of the gods on humans. In this respect, Plato had provided us a new perspective on how we can see love. We learned here that love is neither a god nor godly affair, neither an exclusive affair of the mortal. Instead, love is an instrument that can be used the mortal or by the human to communicate with gods. At the same time, love is also the instrument of the gods to communicate with humans. This discussion will be important if we contextualize the Platonic idea that concerns the world of forms. The idea of Plato, of the people who he regarded as the lovers of wisdom corresponds to this concept. Being a lover, humans are drawn towards the pursuit of wisdom. As can be seen in Plato’s’ numerous dialogues (i. e. The Republic, Phaedrus and Symposium), the real wisdom cannot be found and revealed in the realm of the humans. In short the real wisdom lies on the realm that is beyond this world. In many respects, wisdom is attributed to gods and the world of forms which is a place wherein the real knowledge and the real wisdom can be learned. In this respect, being a lover or possessing love bridges humans and gods. Being a lover gives the human a chance to have a glimpse of the world beyond theirs (i. e. world of forms) and at the same time, gods are given the chance to attract humans towards them. Gods are also able to share the wisdom and knowledge they possess to humans through the help of love. Again, this proved the significant role played by love between gods and humans. Another significant move done by Socrates is his extension of love from mere sexual and romantic affairs towards a more intellectual pursuit. Reproduction or giving birth is made possible through the love between couples. However, on Socrates speech, love does not only produce another human being. Love produces ideas that are immortal and lasts despite the death of its parent. As stated, â€Å". . . would look up to Homer, Hesiod, and the other good poets with envy and admiration for the offspring they have left behind – offspring which because they are immortal themselves, provide their parents with immortal glory and remembrance. † (Plato 209d) Human beings are capable of immortality. The first is his or her bearing of an offspring and the other one is bearing of ideas, worthy of surviving for ages. From these concepts of Plato, through Socrates, they had provided us new lenses on how we can see and define love. Love had expanded from its usual definition that is concerned in mere romantic and sexual affairs. Love is now a tool of gods and humans to communicate. Lastly, love is a powerful force that can widen and heighten the awareness of humans to reach a higher goal in the world beyond this earth. In this sense, the highest form of lovers is the lovers who are engaged in the love and pursuit of wisdom. These new conception of love and later on, philosophy as a whole (since the highest form of lover are the lovers of wisdom) had a big implication on how we will see other fields of knowledge prominent in the Greek era. Philosophy, now being the highest form of activity of man outmatches any field of knowledge. Rhetoric, sciences, education and poetry are merely disciplines of field of knowledge that are just concerned to the material world. All of them are just trying to mirror images. In short, they are providing us an image of another image. Almost seems a picture that took another picture. For Plato’s standards, this is not that an honorable act. It is important to note that for him, we should be engage in the affairs that will give us a glimpse of the world beyond us, simply the world of forms. Fields like rhetoric, sciences, education and poetry are just affairs of the world and do not directly orient us towards the pursuit of knowledge that is heavenly. This explanation places philosophy among these disciplines. This is because philosophy or the love of wisdom itself pushes us to love the things that are beyond the earth. Philosophy obliges its followers to move pass what the eyes can see. Philosophy urges its student to discover what is really there and not what only manifest in the world. The earthly characteristics of these fields of knowledge are very clear. Rhetoric for example is concerned with the persuasion of its audience through words and arguments that are not necessarily true. As long as it rings good to its listeners and able to persuade them, rhetoric is acceptable. Sciences have an edge to rhetoric. Sciences try to answer question, removing biases as much as possible. However, we must still take note that the method of science are merely exclusive on what is observable. In short, sciences are for this earth alone. Education falls on the same pitfall. Education is concerned with the things that concerned our earthly existence, unable to tackle what is the world beyond us. Poetry suffers the same fate. Much of poetry is based on the feelings and emotions of the poet that are worldly. It is subject to the opinions of its creator and not influenced on the wisdom that philosophy offers us. Summing it up, Plato, through Socrates had provided us new standards in assessing disciplines of knowledge. This standard had given a very important influence on how we see love. The conception of love had expanded from a mere human affair towards heavenly affairs. This new standard had put philosophy on the foreground since philosophers are the lovers of wisdom. This provided as a new light, a new goal and a new end that we must all pursue. Plato had taught us that we must take a flight away from the earth that we live in and take a quest that is aimed for the discovery of the world of forms, which are beyond what our eyes can see. Works Cited Plato. Symposium. Michael Joyce (trans). 1961. Princeton University Press. NJ. Print. Accessed 21 May 2010.

Ap World History Essay

Essay Comparison of the impact and spread of the Islam and Christian religions include religious basics, the way the religions were spread, and where the religions started. To compare the Islam and Christian religions, we must know the religious basics. The Islamic religious basics include their most sacred text, the Koran, and the five pillars of faith. Basics also include the founder, who is the prophet Muhammad. You must not eat pork or drink alcohol in this religion, and must make a pilgrimage to Mecca, an important city, if you are Islamic.The god of the Islamic faith is Allah. The basics of Christianity include the founder, Jesus Christ. The god of the Christian faith is consisted of three; Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The most sacred text for Christians is The Bible. Christianity beliefs include that you sin, and must redeem salvation through faith in Jesus. Bible study is also something that is encouraged to be done in the Christian faith. Islamic and Christian religions als o have similarities. Both support the idea of worship and prayer to their god (both are monotheistic).They both also believe in the idea of Heaven and Hell. Another similarity is that both religions were founded in the Middle East and were spread by missionaries. These similarities and differences between the religious basics of the Islamic and Christian faith affected the impact and spread of the religions. The start of both religions started in a time when other religions were popular. This affected how it spread. People (missionaries) had to go out and spread the religion so that people would convert and the religion would stay alive.This caused cultural diffusion, so there are many different types (versions) of each religion. The Islamic and Christian religions both started in the Middle East (Jerusalem), which is why it had to be spread. Much of the population at that time was in other parts of the world. Also, some regions of the world already had a major or popular religion, so they had to spread the religions to areas that did not have a major religion. Islam and Christianity impacted the people of the world and the world itself. It gave people a faith and something to believe in.Also, they caused many disagreements between cultural groups. These religions have impacted the world by still affecting people today. Wars, hatred, and acceptance are happening in the current day because of the religions that started so long ago. In conclusion, the Islamic and Christian religions have many similarities and differences. These similarities and differences help us compare, contrast and analyze the religions accurately. Also, the similarities and differences affect how and where the religion is spread and the impact on the people and the world.

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Free Essays on Hip Hop Music

of hate, bigotry, sexism, and racism grace today’s airwaves with no questions asked. Eminem, a top rapper today, sings about killing gays, his mom, and his wife. Jay-Z rants about how many girls he’s â€Å"bagged† in his hit single â€Å"Girls, girls, girls†. It seems as though that today, there is no line to be crossed and free speech has no boundaries. It’s legal to say whatever one wants to on a record, as long as there’s a sticker stating that it has â€Å"explicit content/lyrics†. With Hip Hop or rap music gaining popularity there days, it has become a target group to push the limits as other musical genres have done in the past. Back in the grunge era, Nirvana exploded on the scene with songs like â€Å"Rape me†, and Marilyn Manson’s band came out with their first album, which included stuff like â€Å"Rock N’ Roll Nigger†. In the late 60’s, bands talked about drugs and sex, setting a contro versial trend. In the rap videos of today, women are seen prancing around in absolutely nothing and are used as sexual objects, while the rap artist himself refers to them as his â€Å"bitches†. With rap music breaking into mainstream pop culture, it is expected to push the limits of free speech. In the beginning of rap and Hip Hop there was no â€Å"bling bling†, and they weren’t striving to get â€Å"cash, money, and hoes†. They were trying to get a message across. Rap artists have no culpability for the content of rap, and this is an evolved result of the white people’s demand, the music industry’s control, and because people are seeing only a certain group and letting them speak for the whole group. Rap music has declined in its culpability and reputability because of the added need to appease white people. When rap music began, it was sang in the streets of New York. Jamaican immigrants passed on their traditional beats and introduc... Free Essays on Hip Hop Music Free Essays on Hip Hop Music In a world full of anti-censorship, liberation, and free will, the sky’s the limit. Words of hate, bigotry, sexism, and racism grace today’s airwaves with no questions asked. Eminem, a top rapper today, sings about killing gays, his mom, and his wife. Jay-Z rants about how many girls he’s â€Å"bagged† in his hit single â€Å"Girls, girls, girls†. It seems as though that today, there is no line to be crossed and free speech has no boundaries. It’s legal to say whatever one wants to on a record, as long as there’s a sticker stating that it has â€Å"explicit content/lyrics†. With Hip Hop or rap music gaining popularity there days, it has become a target group to push the limits as other musical genres have done in the past. Back in the grunge era, Nirvana exploded on the scene with songs like â€Å"Rape me†, and Marilyn Manson’s band came out with their first album, which included stuff like â€Å"Rock N’ Roll Nigger†. In the late 60’s, bands talked about drugs and sex, setting a controversial trend. In the rap videos of today, women are seen prancing around in absolutely nothing and are used as sexual objects, while the rap artist himself refers to them as his â€Å"bitches†. With rap music breaking into mainstream pop culture, it is expected to push the limits of free speech. In the beginning of rap and Hip Hop there was no â€Å"bling bling†, and they weren’t striving to get â€Å"cash, money, and hoes†. They were trying to get a message across. Rap artists have no culpability for the content of rap, and this is an evolved result of the white people’s demand, the music industry’s control, and because people are seeing only a certain group and letting them speak for the whole group. Rap music has declined in its culpability and reputability because of the added need to appease white people. When rap music began, it was sang in the streets of New York. Jamaican immigrants passed on their traditional beats and introduc...

Same sex marriage shoul be allowed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Same sex marriage shoul be allowed - Essay Example There are no parts in the article that are vague or ambiguous. The writer clearly states her opinion and anchors it by using examples and evidence given by the Supreme Court, regional courts and rulings in specific states, as well as writings from the US Constitution. The source is most credible since it gives abundant proof and evidence regarding previous trials and rulings regarding to same-sex marriages and unions, as well as ones of opposite-sex marriages and conception of children, and the state of children it opposite-sex marriages as proof that they are not necessarily happy or even safe in that type of family. The article doesnt use any rhetorical devices. It is written to the point, in an interesting and fluent way. It is also very straightforward and relevant, presenting the reader with all necessary facts and opinions. The fallacies mentioned by the author are those of those who oppose same-sex marriage. She states that marriage and sex between gay people were once very prevalent and acceptable, and it wasnt until the Jewish Torah that they were banned. She also states that it is incorrect to suggest that children will not grow to be happy, healthy and safe in homes with same-sex parents, and illustrated that a staggering percentage of children who are not well taken care of come from opposite-sex homes when both parents are present (not a single parent family). Furthermore, she protests the right of religion to interfere with the institution of marriage, which is a civil right and matter. One argument made by the writer is that marriage is a civil and most basic right which should be given to anyone who so pleases. It is a declaration of a couple who wants to be together, spend their lives together in a close and intimate relationship. Seeing as how it is a basic human right, there shouldnt be a ban on it for a segment of the society. It even predates the constitution of the US as a basic right for all

Person's Prior Experiences And Formulating Ideas Essay

Person's Prior Experiences And Formulating Ideas - Essay Example By associating prior experiences with what formulates ideas, Hume assumes that people only can formulate thoughts and ideas based only on the association. This undercuts that mindset by creating the assumption that new experiences cannot also change human thinking and behavior. He assumes that people are already predetermining concepts based on prior experiences rather than learning from new experiences. He states that man is a reasonable being and goes on to say that the â€Å"bounds of human understanding, that little satisfaction can be hoped for in this particular, either from the extent of security or his acquisitions,† (Hume 7) which is again a cut to humans as if that during his analysis that his thought is the only method of thinking but yet he cannot even explain why he is thinking and reasoning this way. Some of the ideas that Hume maintains is that people are unable to justify any inferences that are causal and are based only on unobserved causes. Through past observations, Hume expects for the human mind to only be able to work in a one-way direction. If a person knows one thing is certain than if a similar experience arises, then that person would expect the same outcome. This is not necessarily true because people can, in fact, learn from prior experiences and react differently. This would insinuate that anything that a person has done in the past would cause them to have the same reaction to a similar situation. However, it seems that many people often learn from prior mistakes and do in fact react differently on some occasions based on their prior experiences too. Hume states that He hints that people have certain reactions based only on prior reasoning and that those scenarios lead people to create a truth that is based only on that single instance. Judgment and morals are based only on those circumstances.

Innovation & Chnage in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Innovation & Chnage in Nursing - Essay Example Cultivating an understanding of the process of professional change can also prove essential towards the objective of increasing workplace diversity. (Friday & Friday, 2003) There are many phases to the process of change, considerable research on the process having been described by Lewin, (1951) who elucidated in a psychological context of the stages of change, of which the movement phase is the second one. Which follows unfreezing, and is then in turn is followed by a phase of a re-freezing. (Lewin, 1951) Complexities and pitfalls exist both in terms of operational behavior as well as personal beliefs. During the implementation of organizational change a critical phase in the process is what is described as the movement phase. The goal of this phase in a professional organization is to enable and encourage the employees to find ways to embrace a new vision that the organization will need to develop. Each nurse, or employee in general must look within themselves and find ways that th ey can make the new direction of the organization work for them, in their specific situation and job description. A series of short term limited steps may be required to facilitate the transition between older modes of operation. Short term goals should be set to encourage the replacement of outdated methods in favor of movement towards the higher objective of an effective organizational transition. Kotter and associates have also proposed an explanation of the step-wise change process, by which the three overarching objectives can be translated into smaller steps for a smoother transition. (Kotter, 1996), (MLDC, 2010) Adequate planning and goal-setting are essential to coordinate the changes occurring within the organization, and how all personnel will be required to implement their part of the changes. Short-term goals will include accommodation for likely sources of resistance, as well as tactics necessary to overcome those sources. Among these short-term goals to facilitate the movement phase, it is important to remove psychological barriers. (Kotter, 1996) Objects and artifacts that may symbolize the older operational process, or tools that are specifically applicable to prior goals and values should be removed without delay, unless such articles are essential in the hospital's new operational strategy. Anything that can function as a psychological 'anchor', reminding nurses and other employees of prior goals and outdated standards must be replaced. All employees should be reminded of the potential of the new recommendations and their promise for the future. This transition can be assisted by the implementation of 'short-term wins', to demonstrate ongoing progress towards the ultimate goal. Target dates for measurable changes are helpful. Short-term steps in the right direction must clearly communicated throughout the hospital, and higher staff should be made available to assist employees with the implementation, and modification of benchmarks, if necessa ry. The medical employees responsible for implementing the changes should certainly be included in planning meetings; if those operational changes would affect them, or make additional demands. These objectives must be readily achievable. They should clearly contribute to the new direction of the organization. The exact structuring of these benchmarks may be eased by looking at prior instances in which the organization needed

Children Obesity Essay Example for Free

Children Obesity Essay The problem of childhood obesity in the United States has grown considerably in recent years. Between 16 and 33 percent of children and adolescents are obese.From Environmental Health Perspectives website, the recent data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey estimate 17% of youths ages 2-19 years old to be overweight compare to just 5% a few decades ago(â€Å"Child obesity†). This data shows we should act urgently to rescue children because the percentage of child obesity is increasing rapidly.According to Answer. com website, using the BMI (Body Mass Index) calculation, overweight is between 25-30, obese is 30-40 and extremely obese is 40 and up. This calculation is a height and weight comparison (BMI = weight in pounds X 705 / height in inches squared). By usingbody fat analysis, for a woman’s obesity starts about 33% body fat, for a man, it is about 24%(â€Å"How do you know†).Weight and shape of children are affected by hereditary factors from their parents. However, most of unhealthy weight gain is due to poor diet. Children who have obesity have bad habits; for example, they prefer to eat fast food such as hamburgers with french fries and coke than healthy food such as vegetable and multi-grains. Fast food is very tempting to children and theirparents because of its cheap price, taste, and convenience. The reason children like hamburgers is high levels of salt and sugar content found in most fast food items. So far, unhealthy food leads children to become obese which causes various health problems. Overweight children, when compared to healthy weight children, are more likely to develop many health problems such as depression, diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure, which are associated with heart disease in adults. Thepurpose of this paper is to reviewhow children obesity effects on physical and mental health. First, children obesity and overweight have been found to be at an increased risk of depression. Obese children get stress from change of their body shape, perspectives from other people’s awareness that leads to poor self-esteem or social phobia which are related to the cause of depression. [ì ¶Å"ì ²Ëœ][ë ¹â€žÃ« §Å'ìš °Ã¬Å¡ ¸Ã¬ ¦ ] ë ¹â€žÃ« §Å'ê ³ ¼Ã¬Å¡ °Ã¬Å¡ ¸Ã¬ ¦ , ë ¹â€žÃ« §Å'ê ³ ¼Ã¬Å¡ °Ã¬Å¡ ¸Ã¬ ¦ Ã¬ ËœÃª ´â‚¬Ãª ³â€ž ìž  Ã¬â€¹ ¤Ã¬Å  ¤Ã­  ¬Ã¬ ¸  Ã¬ ¢â€¦Ã­â€¢ ©Ã¬Æ' Ãª °â‚¬Ã¬Å  ¤Ã­  ¼|ìž‘ì„ ±Ã¬Å¾ spom4237236The following article, â€Å"Childhood Obesity and Depression: Connection Between These Growing Problems in Growing Children,† shows how depression is diagnosed in youths. Youthbecome depress if they gain weight more than they expected. Also, obesity and overweight are connected to sleep problem which is associated with increased risk of depression. In study of 400 adolescents with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, change i n sleep was most common symptom remaining depression in youths. Relationship between sleep and obesity is intervened at least in part by insulin resistance. In a study of obese children, insulin was connected with shorter sleep duration according to thepolysomnography (Reeves M. G., Postolache T. T., Snitker S.).In addition, that child obesity cause depression is obesity makes children a target for bullying. According to Medscape Medical News, â€Å"Obese children are more likely to be bullied than their non-obese peers regardless of sex, race, socioeconomic status, social skills, or academic achievement† (Harrison).Because childhood and adolescent are a sensitive period, and they focus on other’s appearance, obese children can be targeted of bullying that makes them get hurt and depress. To prevent the depression, children need to eat health food and exercise. In addition to obesity causes depression, the second health problem is obesity causes diabetes. The dietary habits of obese children are eating a lot of sugar and salt which are excessive caloric intake. Being obese means you have more fatty tissue, having more fatty tissue causes the body to become insulin resistant and becoming insulin resistant causes the body to put on more weight. Becoming more insulin resistant and at a certain level of resistance, it becomes known as diabetes. Obese children also are twice as likely to have diabetes than children who are of normal weight, according to a new study from the University of Michigan Health System. The study, published in the February issue of Diabetes Care, is the most recent national study to estimate the prevalence of children with diabetes. It found that more than 229,000 children, approximately 3.2 cases for every 1,000 American children under the age of 18, currently have diabetes. And one-third of those children are obese(â€Å"Obese Children Twice†). Obesity causes the build-up of fats around cell walls. The liver loses the ability for the metabolism of glucose. Glucose is supplied with the help of the insulin hormone. In essence, obesity reduces the body’s ability to use insulin properly. A glucose build up is deposited in the urine.In addition, diabetes is explained from Washington University in St. Louis website. Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders that have in common high blood sugar and the risk of damage to tissues and organs. There are two major types: Type1, juvenile diabetes and Type 2, adult-onset diabetes. In Type 1 diabetes, the cells of the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed. Often, the body’s immune system destroys these cells, sort of like friendly fire. Without insulin, blood sugar rises and complications occur. Lifelong insulin treatment is required. In Type 2 diabetes, organs and tissues are resistant to insulin; that is, more insulin is needed to have the same effect. When the insulin-making cells can no longer keep up with the extra insulin needed, blood sugar becomes high and diabetes occurs (â€Å"Obesity, Type 2 diabetes†). Overall, children should avoid eatingso muchunhealthy food that contain of high sugar, salt and fat that causes diabetesto continue into adulthood. In addition to obesity causes diabetes, the third health problem is obese puts children at risk for high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure that cause heart disease. Childrens diets have changed dramaticallybecause it is influenced by television commercials and the convenience of fast foods that have too much sugar and salt that leads high cholesterol level. In â€Å"Cholesterol in Childhood† by Vincent Iannelli, M.D., the author reported â€Å"The effects of cardiovascular disease is something that will especially be a problem once an overweight child grows up, when he will be at risk for a heart attack or stroke.†Also, the article exposes children who have heart disease with high cholesterol was 2.3 times as likely to have died early. These factsgive a warning to how obesity is related to serious health problem to children. The connection between high cholesterol and high blood pressure was explained on Livestrong.com website, â€Å"Cholesterol is a soft waxy material in the blood that mixes with lipids. It shapes membranes and some hormones but does not dissolve in the blood. Since it does not dissolve, lipoproteins carry it to and from cells. Blood pressure is the force that pushes blood through blood vessels, then to all body organs. When these two functions of the body are not working correctly, it can be devastating to overall health.†(â€Å"Connections Between†).According to Webmd.com website, when there is too much cholesterol in blood, it builds up in the walls of arteries, causing a process called atherosclerosis, a form of heart disease. The arteries become narrowed and blood flow to the heart muscle is slowed down or blocked. The blood carries oxygen to the heart, and if enough blood and oxygen cannot reach the heart, it may cause chest pain (â€Å"Heart disease†).Because ofhigh cholesterol, high blood pressure that are related to the heart disease, obese children need dietary changes and weight loss to help lower their cholesterol. In conclusion, children obesity is an increasingly prevalent health disorder and is of particularly concern because children who are obese are more likely to continue to become obese through adolescence and into adulthood with various health problems. Eating unhealthy food and lack of exercise lead to most of child obesity and overweight. Obesity can cause mental and physical problemsinchildren. According to â€Å"Child obesity ‘time bomb’ a threat to life expectancy†, Food Standards Agency chairman, John Krebs, told: â€Å"We already know that many children’s diets contain more fat, sugar and salt than is recommended. We know that the level of obesity in children is rising and, in the words of the chief medical officer, is a health time bomb that could explode.† (Carey). Also, children obesity can be targeted of bullying and give rise to diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and heart diseases. Also, child obesity has high probability to become an obese adult. Therefore, we need to accept the children obesity as a serious problem in current society in the United States and seek the solutionsto make children free from obesity and being overweight. Works Cited Brown, Joni.â€Å"Connections Between High Blood Pressure Cholesterol†. livestrong.com, 17 Dec. 2010 Web. 22 May 2012 Carey, Dorothy. Child Obesity Time Bomb A Threat To Life Expectancy. Nutridate 15.1 (2004): 8. Web. 22 May 2012. Harrison, Pam. â€Å"Obesity Makes Children a Target for Bullying.† Medscape Medical News. 4 May 2010. Web. 22May 2012. â€Å"Heart Disease and Lowering cholesterol†.Webmd.com,Web. 22 May 2012 Iannelli,Vincent. â€Å"Cholesterol in Childhood†.About.com, 13November 2011 Web. 22 May 2012 â€Å"Obese Children Twice as likely to have Diabetes†. University of Michigan, 2 Feb. 2006. Web. 22 May 2012 â€Å"Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Growing rapidly among Children†. Washington University in St. Louis., 11 March 2005. Web. 22 May 2012 Reeves, Gloria M., Teodor T.Postolache., and Soren Snitker. â€Å"Childhood Obesity and Depression: Connection between these Growing Problems in Growing Children.† NIH Public Access. Aug. 2008. Web. 22 May 2012

Gay Marriage Should be Legalized Essay -- Legal Issues, Gay Marriage

There are numerous opinions and standing views on gay marriage. The argument regarding gay marriage should be legalized or not is extremely controversial. According to an article from the Human Rights Campaign, there is nothing wrong with allowing homosexuals to have the same rights as those who are heterosexual. Every individual person should be granted equal rights, regardless of sexuality. Gay marriage should be legalized in all states and countries, it has been held off for too long. Moreover, there are several reasons why homosexuals feel strongly about wanting to be legally married. One reason that is most commonly heard is, they want to legally show their love for each other by having a marriage license. Homosexuals want the right to marry like anybody else, and for the same reasons too. They are in love and want to spend their lives with this person. Even though it is possible to do this without being married; â€Å"they want to honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to offer† (90). There be no reason two people cannot marry despite their sexuality. If a man and woman get to marry because they love each other, what is the difference between a man and a man or a woman and a woman wanting to marry because, they love each other? Also, another cause why homosexuals want the right to marry their spouse is because they are being cheated of rights. Although, two people love each other, if they cannot marry they are losing rights. Marria ge gives both spouses benefits, â€Å"same-sex couples in long-term, committed relationships pay higher taxes and are denied basic protection and rights granted to married heterosexual couples† (90). It is unfair to couples of the same-sex to lose rights based on sexuality. They are... ...an† (97). Some people have lived by this mind set of what a marriage is, but not every thing only has one outlook. A marriage is ultimately two people that are serious and love each other, gender takes no place when a person really takes time to think about what a marriage actually is. Regardless, there is always going to be two views on gay marriage; it is up to each individual to decide which view they agree with. Gay marriage should be legally recognized, what is so right about a heterosexual marriage compared to homosexuals? They both start with the letter â€Å"H†, the only difference is the genders. Nobody should have the right to determine what is considered â€Å"right†, marriage makes a couple officially together; it does not affect anybody but them. Labels should not define love, and by not allowing same gender couple the right to marry is unfair and wrong. Gay Marriage Should be Legalized Essay -- Legal Issues, Gay Marriage There are numerous opinions and standing views on gay marriage. The argument regarding gay marriage should be legalized or not is extremely controversial. According to an article from the Human Rights Campaign, there is nothing wrong with allowing homosexuals to have the same rights as those who are heterosexual. Every individual person should be granted equal rights, regardless of sexuality. Gay marriage should be legalized in all states and countries, it has been held off for too long. Moreover, there are several reasons why homosexuals feel strongly about wanting to be legally married. One reason that is most commonly heard is, they want to legally show their love for each other by having a marriage license. Homosexuals want the right to marry like anybody else, and for the same reasons too. They are in love and want to spend their lives with this person. Even though it is possible to do this without being married; â€Å"they want to honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to offer† (90). There be no reason two people cannot marry despite their sexuality. If a man and woman get to marry because they love each other, what is the difference between a man and a man or a woman and a woman wanting to marry because, they love each other? Also, another cause why homosexuals want the right to marry their spouse is because they are being cheated of rights. Although, two people love each other, if they cannot marry they are losing rights. Marria ge gives both spouses benefits, â€Å"same-sex couples in long-term, committed relationships pay higher taxes and are denied basic protection and rights granted to married heterosexual couples† (90). It is unfair to couples of the same-sex to lose rights based on sexuality. They are... ...an† (97). Some people have lived by this mind set of what a marriage is, but not every thing only has one outlook. A marriage is ultimately two people that are serious and love each other, gender takes no place when a person really takes time to think about what a marriage actually is. Regardless, there is always going to be two views on gay marriage; it is up to each individual to decide which view they agree with. Gay marriage should be legally recognized, what is so right about a heterosexual marriage compared to homosexuals? They both start with the letter â€Å"H†, the only difference is the genders. Nobody should have the right to determine what is considered â€Å"right†, marriage makes a couple officially together; it does not affect anybody but them. Labels should not define love, and by not allowing same gender couple the right to marry is unfair and wrong.

Coperate Gorvernance Essay

Executive summary: Cadbury Report (1992) stated that â€Å"corporate governance is the process by which companies and directed and controlled† (cited in Tricker, 2009). In other words, it helps the corporate entities increase the value provided to the organisation’s various stakeholders. Therefore, appropriate corporate governance plays a very important role in development of organisations. This  review will define corporate governance and some of its concepts (through the paper). Following, the review will give a Memorandum or a general introduction about Nufarm, which is a publicly listed company and then consider the structure, process and effectiveness of its governance. Besides, the paper will mention about areas such as the composition and responsibilities of the Nufarm Board of Directors, and disclose policies, codes of conduct adopted by the company, which are relevant to the company’s governance scopes. Finally, from information and analyses, there are some recommendations for the Nufarm to achieve appropriate improvements. For example, the company’s governance should recognise and adhere to all relevant laws and regulations and meets high standards with respect to honesty and integrity. In addition, the company should have open and effective communications with its shareholders and the general investment community. Furthermore, the company should have effective methods to review drivers of governance, etc. Table of contents Contents I.Introduction3 II.What is corporate governance?3 III.General introduction about Nufarm, information of the company (Memorandum)3 IV.The Structure, process and effectiveness of the Nufarm’s governance4 The Scope of the company’s Corporate Governance influences the company’s codes:7 V.Recommendations8 VI.References10 I. Introduction Recently, the appearance of high-profile corporate failures, scandals and executive corruption arises the requirement for organisations to follow appropriate corporate governance structures, processes standards and practices. The aim of this paper is to investigate the structure, process and  effectiveness of the governance of Nufarm, a publicly listed company and give recommendations for it to achieve appropriate improvements. II. What is corporate governance? Cadbury report (1992) and OECD (1999) defined that ‘corporate governance is the process by which company are directed and controlled’.  Monks & Minow (2001) suggested that ‘corporate governance is the relationship among various participants in determining the direction and performance of corporations. The primary participants are the shareholders, the management and the board of directors’. OECD (2001) supposed that ‘corporate governance refers to the private and public institutions, including laws, regulations and accepted business practices, which together govern the relationship, in a market economy, between corporate managers and entrepreneurs, on the one hand, and those who invest resources in corporations, on the other III. General introduction about Nufarm, information of the company (Memorandum) Nufarm Limited is a publicly listed company, one of the world’s leading crop protection companies (Nufarm’s website, 2012). The company manufactures products to help farmers protect their crops against damage caused by weeds, pests and disease. Its manufacturing and marketing spread throughout Australia, New Zealand, Asia, The Americas and Europe and sells products in more than 100 countries around the world. According to the Nufarm’s website (2012), the company employs more than 2,600 people around the places having its manufacturing and marketing operations, all of whom make a vital contribution to the company’s reputation for quality products, innovation and first class marketing and technical support. Proudly based in Australia, Nufarm is listed on the Australian Stock Exchange (with symbol NUF). Its head office is located at Laverton in Melbourne, Australia. Table1: the information contained in the company details table (ASX website, 2012) IV. The Structure, process and effectiveness of the Nufarm’s governance The company’s board structure contains Chairman (Donald Gordon McGauchie), Managing Director/CEO (Doug Rathbone), and five Non Executive Directors who are Anne Bernadette Brennan, Gordon Richard Davis, Bruce Goodfellow, Gary Hounsell, Peter Margin (Nufarm’s website, 2012). According to the company’s website (2012), the Board is the governing body of the Company. The Board is responsible for the oversight of the Company. It is responsible to ensure that the business of the Company is carried out in the best interests of all shareholders and with proper regard to the interests of all other stakeholders. Specifically, the Board has responsibility to protect and enhance the value of the assets of the Company, set strategies and directions and monitor and review those strategic objectives, review and ratify internal controls, codes of conduct and legal compliance, review the Company’s accounts, approve and review the one year operating budget and five year strategic plan for the Company, appoint the Managing Director, evaluate performance and determine the remuneration of the Managing Director and senior executives, ensure the significant risks facing the Company have been identified and adequate control monitoring and reporting mechanisms are in place, approve transactions relating to acquisitions, divestments and capital expenditure above authority limits delegated to management, approve financial and dividend policy, appoint the Company Secretary, ratify the appointment of the Chief Financial Officer (Nufarm’s website, 2012). The managing Director is delegated to be responsible for the day-to-day leadership and management of the Company. To assist the Board to discharge its responsibilities and duties, the Board has delegated to the Managing Director specific authorities which are subject to appropriate reporting and monitoring procedures. For example: * Shareholder values / corporate strategy: the Managing Director formulates and brings to the Board for review and approval, an appropriate long term strategy for the Nufarm Group  and appropriate financial standards and policies. The strategy is reviewed by the Board at its annual strategic planning review and any changes in financial standards are reviewed by the Audit Committee. * Organisation Planning: the Managing Director formulates an appropriate human resources policy which is reviewed by the Board annually. * Capital Allocation: The Managing Director approves capital expenditure within limits set by the Board. All approvals made by the Managing Director are reported and reviewed at every Board Meeting. * Company Financial Performance: the Managing Director reports to the Board at each Board Meeting on the financial results of the Company. * Compliance: The Managing Director is responsible for ensuring compliance with all relevant legislation. In brief, the Board has delegated to the Managing Director all powers required to manage the business of the Company and the Managing Director reports on a monthly basis on all material matters affecting the Nufarm Group to the Board. Besides, The Board has three committees: the Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee and the Remuneration Committee. These Board Committees review and analyse policies and strategies within their specific terms of reference. The Board Committees examine proposals and, where appropriate, make recommendations to the Board. The Board Committees do not take direct action or make decisions on behalf of the Board unless specifically mandated by prior Board authority (Nufarm’s website). The Nomination Committee consists of three non-executive Directors and is comprised of a majority of independent Directors. The Committee’s purpose is to develop criteria for Board membership and identify specific individuals for nomination; and establish processes for the review of the performance of individual Directors and the Board as a whole. The duties of this committee is facilitating a Board performance assessment, develop criteria for Board membership, identify suitably skilled, qualified and experienced individuals for nomination and to establish processes for the review of the performance of Directors. According to Tricker (2012, p.283), ‘the essential and original role of the audit committee is to act as a bridge between the independent external auditors and the board, avoiding the possibility of powerful executive directors’ and over the years the role and responsibilities of the committee have expanded. Nufarm company’s Audit Committee’s primary function is to assist the Board in fulfilling its corporate governance responsibilities in regard to financial reporting, audit and risk management, including: oversight of the preparation of Nufarm Limited’s (the Group) financial reporting; compliance with legal and regulatory obligations; oversight of the effectiveness of the Group’s enterprise-wide risk management and internal control framework; and oversight of the relationship with the external and internal auditors. The specific duties and responsibilities of the company’s audit committee in meeting will be: report Committee actions to the Board with such recommendations as the Committee may deem appropriate (e.g. The Committee will report to the Board immediately if it becomes aware of any material misstatement in financial information provided by management to the Board or of any material breakdown in internal controls), continuously monitor a framework and processes for compliance with laws, regulations, standards, best practice guidelines and the Group’s code of conduct, maintain suitable interaction with the Health Safety & Environment Committee and the Nomination & Governance Committee, perform such other functions assigned by law, the Company’s Constitution, or the Board. The Remuneration Committee’s purpose is to recommend to the Board policies and practices which enable Nufarm to attract, develop, retain and motivate high caliber Directors and executives. The Committee will review and make recommendations on policies for remuneration, development, retention and termination of Directors and Key Management Personnel (KMP). The Committee’s duties are to review and make recommendations to the Board in relation to Nufarm’s Board and executive remuneration strategy, structure and practice with regard to: Nufarm strategic objectives; corporate governance principles; and competitive practice. The specific matters the Committee may consider include the review of: executive management and Directors’  remuneration, including the link between Company and individual performance; current industry best practice; the outcome of the annual vote on the adoption of the Remuneration Report; different methods for remunerating senior management and Directors including superannuation arrangements; 2/4 existing or proposed incentive schemes; retirement and termination benefits and payments for senior management; professional indemnity and liability insurance policies. The Committee is responsible for seeking and approving remuneration advisers that will provide independent remuneration advice, as appropriate, on Board, CEO and other KMP remuneration strategy, structure practice and disclosure. However, according to the company website (2012), the Committee does not have executive powers to commit the Board or management to its recommendations except where authorised by a resolution of the Board nor become involved in day to day management activities or decision making. The Scope of the company’s Corporate Governance influences the company’s codes: According to Tricker (2012), the structure, the membership and the process of the governing body are central to corporate governance. However, the relations with shareholders, contractual stakeholders, legal institutions, etc also influence the structure and operation of Nufarm’s corporate governance. Therefore, the company’s corporate governance refers to the private and public institutions, including laws, regulations and public institutions, which together govern the relationship between corporate managers and entrepreneurs, on the one hand, and those who invest resources in corporations on the other (Tricker, 2012). For example, the company’s code of conduct is governed by and contrasted in accordance with the laws in the State of Victoria, Australia. Besides, Nufarm has ensured to be compliance with the ASX Listing Rules, and ensured that Key Management Personnel and their associates are aware of the legal restrictions in dealing in Nufarm’s shares, options or other securities while such a person is in possession of unpublished price sensitive information concerning Nufarm. V. Recommendations There are some recommendations in order for Nufarm to make appropriate  improvements for its corporate governance are: Firstly, Nufarm should conduct its business in a manner which recognises and adheres to all relevant laws and regulations and meets high standards with respect to honesty and integrity. In order to meet this commitment, we require all Nufarm directors, employees, contractors and consultants to be familiar with and uphold the company’s code of conduct in all business dealings. Besides, according to Tricker (2012), the Board, which determines whether the company’s governance is good, is the major driving force in a company. However, there are other drivers of good governance in the company such as shareholders. Therefore, the company should have open and effective communications with its shareholders and the general investment community. For example, with shareholders, the company should adopt a shareholder communications policy in order to: * Ensure that shareholders and the financial markets are provided with full and timely information about its activities; * Comply with continuous disclosure obligations contained in applicable Listing Rules and the Corporations Act in Australia as well as industry guidelines such as the Australasian Investor Relations Associations’, Best Practice Guidelines for Communication between Listed Entities and the Investment Community; and Ensure equality of access to briefings, presentations and meetings for shareholders, analysts and media. * Encourage attendance and voting at shareholder meetings; The company’s Remuneration Committee should review induction and development arrangements for the Board to ensure Board members gain and maintain a suitable level of knowledge about Nufarm. Audit Committee should usually review and make recommendations to the Board on the Nufarm Diversity Policy ensuring the Policy is in line with applicable legislation and governance principles. Self-assess whether the Committees comply with its membership requirements at least once every year. Critically review the Remuneration Committee Charter at least once per year to ensure its relevance and compliance with overall governance legislative requirements and best practice. VI. References Monks, B., Nell, M. 2007, Corporate Governance, 4th edn, Chichester, UK:Wiley. Tricker, B. 2009, Corporate Governance: Principles, Policies, and Practices, Oxford University Press. Nufarm website 2012, , viewed 15 July, 2012. ASX website 2012, Nufarm Limited (NUF), , viewed 15 July, 2012.